Reported Speech

Reported speech or indirect speech is a way of expressing what the other person (speaker) has said directly (direct / quoted speech) in the form of statements, questions, or greeting another by changing the format of the talks so that it becomes more clear, natural, and efficient for the listener ,

Direct speech is converted into Reported speech can be a statement (statement), imperative (command (command), invitation (invitation), request (demand)), yes / no question (questions), as well as information question (the question of information).

Example:

Reporting	Contoh Kalimat Direct Speech	Contoh Kalimat Reported Speech
Statement	“I’m not hungry now.” (Saya tidak lapar sekarang.)	He said that he was not hungry at that time.
Imperative	“Do not touch my computer!” (Jangan sentuh komputerku!)	She told me not to touch her computer.
Yes-no question	“Did you eat my cake?” (Apakah kamu makan kueku?)	She wanted to know if I’d eaten her cake.
Information question	“Who is the winner?” (Siapa pemenangnya?)	He asked me who the winner was.

How to Become a Direct Change Reported Speech

Basically, direct speech is converted into Reported speech by removing the quotation marks, eliminate the capital letters in the sentence, adding that (optional), changed the pronouns (being the third person), modifying the verb, correcting the time reference (time mentioned in the conversation) and / or adding Whether or if. Here are some explanations.

Time References

Comparison time references on direct and Reported speech is as follows.

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
Here	There
last month/year	·         the month/year before ·         the preceding month/year ·         the previous month/year
next month/year	·         a month/year later ·         the following month/year ·         the next month/year
Now	·         at that time ·         then
Today	that day
Tomorrow	·         a day later ·         the following/next day
Yesterday	·         the day before ·         the previous day
two days/weeks ago	·         two days/weeks before ·         two days/weeks earlier

  Examples of changes time reference:

Contoh Kalimat Direct Speech	Contoh Kalimat Reported Speech
“Will I receive the packet tomorrow?” (Akankah saya menerima paket tsb besok?)	He asked if he would receive the packet the following day.
“I have to return the book two days ago.” (Saya harus mengembalikan buku tsb dua hari lalu.)	She said that she had to return the book two days earlier.

Adding Whether or if

Whether or if added to convey kalimatyes-no question having been heard before. Yes-no question is a form of questions that need answers yes or no.

  Example:

Contoh Direct Speech	Contoh Kalimat Reported Speech	Keterangan
“Do you have a little time?” (Apa kamu punya sedikit waktu?)	He asked me if I had a little time.	Jawaban dari pertanyaan pada direct speech: Yes, I do atau No, I don’t
“Have you heard the news?” (Sudahkah kamu mendengar berita tsb?)	She wanted to knowwhether I had heard the news.	Jawaban dari pertanyaan pada direct speech: Yes, I have atau No, I haven’t

Verb modification in Reported Speech

Modifications to the verb of direct into Reported speech may be to change the verb into the infinitive. This change was applied to the reporting imperative (command). In addition, generally verb tense (present or future, termasukmodal) converted to the form of the past. For example, direct speech: present tense, then his speech Reported: past tense. Here are the details.

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
present tense	past tense
present continuous	past continuous
present perfect	past perfect
future (am/is/are going to)	was/were going to
past tense	past perfect
past continuous	past perfect continuous
Will	would
must, have to	had to
may (permission)	could, might
Shall	should (ask for advice), would (simple future)
may (possibility)	Might
Can	Could

Examples of changes verb (and capital):

 

Contoh Direct Speech	Contoh Reported Speech
“I have cleaned your room.” (Saya telah membersihkan ruanganmu.)	He told that he had cleaned my room. (Dia mengatakan bahwa dia telah membersihkan ruanganku.) Keterangan: ·         have cleaned= present perfect ·         had cleaned= past perfect
“May I go to the bathroom?” (Bolehkah saya pergi ke kamar mandi?)	She asked if she could go to the bathroom. (Dia bertanya apakah dia dapat pergi ke kamar mandi.) Keterangan: ·         may= modal (present) ·         could= modal (past)

Daftar Pustaka :

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-contoh-kalimat-indirect-reported-speech